How Many Calories Is 1 Oz of Lean Ground Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the globe's favorite film characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had then much going on behind the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek behind that drapery and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved picture a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Pic
Equally a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 movie adaptation. Hamilton chosen her agent to ask which graphic symbol the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed piece of work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-calendar week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Await Was More Flick Star Than Subcontract Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-onetime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Managing director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Subsequently MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Peachy Picture Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of smashing film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies higher up the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — West Due west W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
I of the Wicked Witch'due south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to encounter the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the upshot of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? Information technology'due south really 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood'due south preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some bug. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven design that mimicked the look of burlap. Later the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a flare-up of flames and scarlet fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more than fright for Hamilton. On the first take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn flared upwards. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and confront. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source material — take certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary every bit the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
Yet, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on man marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature prophylactic monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Floor
To no i'due south surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #i on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you? The (arguably) about iconic song of Judy Garland'due south career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'southward bawling reprise of the song was left on the cutting room flooring.
The Tin Homo Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Rest Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns almost the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a lath to rest properly. Many years later, histrion Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems fifty-fifty fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Homo Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast every bit the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'due south new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a world of bug. Namely, the character'southward argent makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen'south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can exist heard in "We're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is only a miniature firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to get in look like the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For instance, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney'due south Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The moving-picture show went on to make roughly $8 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'southward pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reverberate the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the bodily panthera leo used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr every bit the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing beast, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit made from real lion peel. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's fretfulness. Each night, two stagehands stale the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That'due south nearly $50 million adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the moving picture but earned $three million at the box office — near $51.8 one thousand thousand past today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, remember that Disney made $viii meg with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's small success in the U.S. barely covered production and movie rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'south returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was only 16 years one-time when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to assistance them sleep afterwards studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'due south feature-length animated film Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Not only did the movie revolutionize the animation manufacture, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the near successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Sorcerer of Oz, only MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Can Homo'due south "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Crimson Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'southward iconic footwear was originally silver, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'due south main costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
I of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Simply 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these breathtaking locations, virtually all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A 2d Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the well-nigh beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can ofttimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Subsequently one of the Witch'due south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the canis familiaris.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more only your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her most the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Different Colour" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were but every bit amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Homo and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motility quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweetness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald Urban center to the Witch'southward flying monkeys, and then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in guild to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Nearly actors had to get in before v:00 in the morn — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Ofttimes Misquoted) Lines Fill the Flick
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the nigh quoted lines in movie history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Motion-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the pic'due south lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'southward no identify like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the ofttimes misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl's feet. Notwithstanding, burn strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand information technology await more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and office problem-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which frequently heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were prepare, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's wearing apparel is actually pinkish — simply because information technology filmed improve. And the oil the Can Human being is and so excited about? It'southward actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Due east Makes More Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the immature daughter dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film'southward Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar nothing by today's Curiosity movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top correct) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a homo beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the motion picture'south starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the fix described Garland excitedly showing off a clothes to Hamilton, declaring she was going to habiliment information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the 24-hour interval of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the moving-picture show turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the fourth dimension of the film's debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
Ane of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other picture released the aforementioned twelvemonth, also directed past Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You lot may have heard of that little moving-picture show — it'southward called Gone with the Wind.) However, MGM'southward musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The film was start circulate on television on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 one thousand thousand viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the x near-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual tv screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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